Norms
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
The current reference legislation for the protection of health and safety in the workplace is the Consolidated Law on Safety at Work which came into force in May 2008, repealing the previous legislation 626. In the Consolidated Law, the obligation to use PPE it is regulated by Article 75. PPE must be used when the risks cannot be avoided or reduced by technical preventive measures, by means of collective protection or methods of work reorganization. The PPE must also comply with Legislative Decree 475/92 and therefore the employer, at the time of purchase, must verify that the required documentation is available consisting of a declaration of conformity by the manufacturer; CE marking; informative note. In particular, the information note containing the instructions relating to storage, use, cleaning, maintenance and overhaul, must be a subject to be trained by employees. The CE certification requirement "alone is not sufficient to define PPE as suitable. The employer must compare the characteristics of the PPE with those necessary in the context in which it operates".
OBLIGATIONS OF THE EMPLOYER AND THE WORKER
Before evaluating the use of PPE, as an element of risk limitation, it is necessary to verify the implementation of all technical or organizational measures aimed at eliminating or reducing risks through preventive measures. It is therefore necessary to analyze the risk elements for each work activity and identify the appropriate PPE for each job. In fact, in the event of unforeseeable or unavoidable residual risks, the worker must be protected in order to eliminate or reduce the consequences. The personal protective equipment is therefore the last barrier to protect against the risks of possible injuries. The identification of PPE and the risk assessment are carried out by the Employer, in collaboration with the Head of the Protection and Prevention Service (RSPP) and / or the Occupational Doctor.
They must therefore:
identify the characteristics of the PPE necessary for these to be adequate for the aforementioned risks;
identify the conditions under which a PPE must be used also on the basis of the instructions for use provided in the Information Note;
preliminarily inform the worker of the risks from which the PPE protects him and train him on correct use
In turn, workers are required to:
not to modify the PPE made available to them;
use PPE according to the employer's provisions;
take care of the PPE assigned, reporting any faults, wear or defects.
It is also recalled that, with regard to conservation and maintenance, the UNI 10720 standard indicates that, for all devices that require maintenance, "a register relating to storage and maintenance must be kept" which will be prepared within the risk assessment .
CE CERTIFICATION AND MARKING
Certification is an act by which an independent body, notified to the European Community, certifies that a product possesses the characteristics and essential requirements envisaged by the European directive and by the reference technical standards. The certification is evidenced by the affixing of the CE marking on the product which represents an indication of 'presumption', for buyers and users, of compliance with European directives and guarantees the free circulation of products within the EEC. The certification therefore helps the user by providing information such as the category to which the PPE belongs, indications on uses and limits, performance values, elements necessary to identify the device suitable for the environmental situation of the workplace.
CLASSIFICATION OF PPE
PPE are divided into three categories based on the severity of the risk from which they must protect the worker. The first category includes PPE, of simple design, intended to protect the person from risks of minor physical damage (superficial damage caused by mechanical tools, slight and reversible harmful actions caused by cleaning products, ordinary atmospheric phenomena, etc. ). They must be equipped with self-certification issued by the manufacturer, who produces and markets the product, declaring compliance with the essential requirements defined by the directive. The second category is defined as devices that protect against physical damage that is not of minor entity but not even from death or serious and permanent injury. In this case it is essential to obtain the EC type examination certificate issued by a Notified Body. Finally, the PPE belongs to the third category, defined as complex design, intended to safeguard against the risk of death or serious injury and of a permanent nature for which the notified body, in addition to carrying out the checks necessary for issuing the certification, carries out control activities through checks on the product or surveillance of the company Quality System. Once the certification has been obtained, the PPE will be able to bear the CE mark and will be accompanied by the information note compulsorily provided by the manufacturer.
CLOTHING STANDARDS - EN340 - General requirements
It is the standard that specifies the general performance requirements for ergonomics, harmlessness, designation of sizes, aging, compatibility and marking of clothing and the information that must be provided by the manufacturer with the protective clothing.
Certified protection against the cold
EN 342 is the standard that specifies the requirements and test methods for the overall performance of suits and single items of clothing for protection against cold at temperatures below -5 ° C (e.g. extreme cold or cold rooms). To get the best protection against the cold, your clothing must be dry and you must wear gloves, headgear and similar accessories to avoid local cooling. Close clothing tightly and secure it tightly, for example on your wrist. Every single garment is protected with certain protection classes. The first number indicates air penetration (AP) with classes from 1 to 3, where 3 indicates the highest protection class. The second number indicates the penetration of water with classes from 1 to 2, where 2 indicates the highest protection class.
The label must indicate:
Brand or means of identification of the manufacturer or representative
Product name or code
Cut it
Reference standard
Instructions for maintenance and number of washing cycles
Pictogram
Breathable, waterproof and windproof workwear
EN 343 is the European standard for protective clothing and indicates the index of protection against the effects of precipitation (eg. Rain, snow), fog and soil moisture. The description indicates two characteristics. The first number indicates the waterproofing and the second number the breathability of the overall product. In both scales the possible value is between 1 and 3, with 3 indicating the highest class.
• Resistance to penetration of water (Wp) in Pascal: measurement of resistance to penetration of the outer material and seams under a water pressure of (980 +/- 50) Pa / min. Divided into two levels (1 to 2) from the least waterproof to the most waterproof.
• Resistance to water vapor (RET) in (M2.PA) / Wp: measurement of resistance to evaporation. The greater the resistance to evaporation of a product, the more this product constitutes an important obstacle to the passage of water vapor: a breathable product has a weak resistance to evaporation. Divided into three classes (1 to 3) from the least breathable to the most breathable.
High visibility clothing
High visibility garments allow workers exposed to dangerous situations on the road to stand out with
evidence both day and night, reducing the risk of accidents at work.
These products are characterized by a double certification:
the first concerns the compliance of the garments with the requirements specified in the UNI EN 471: 04 standard,
the second concerns the certification of the materials used:
the 60% cotton 40% polyester fabric is certified according to the UNI EN 471: 04 standard, guaranteeing, in addition to the basic requirements, the right ratio between natural fibers and synthetic fibers to ensure maximum breathability, long life and high luminescence of the fabric, even after frequent washing.
The reflective bands in gray fabric are also certified in compliance with the UNI EN 471: 04 standard
Depending on the high visibility characteristics, a garment can belong to one of the three CLASSES prescribed by the standard.
CLASS 3: The reflective band must not have a minimum height of less than 50 mm and a minimum total surface area of not less than 0.20 m2. The background fluorescent material must not have an area less than 0.80 m2
CLASS 2: The reflective band must not have a minimum height of less than 50 mm and a minimum total surface area of not less than 0.13 m2. The background fluorescent material must not have an area less than 0.50 m2
CLASS 1: The reflective band must have a minimum surface area of 0.10 m2. The background fluorescent material must have a minimum surface area of 0.14 m2
As an indication only, the suits and full jackets with trousers are class 3, the jackets with sleeves in high visibility color are in class 2, the vests are in class 2 while the shoulder straps are in class 1. In addition to the surface requirements , the packaging must also follow certain rules regarding the position and distance of the refracting bands and the minimum discontinuity lines between the bands. For example, if you are wearing a certified jacket that is unbuttoned or open in the front, therefore with an interruption of the reflective band greater than 3 cm, it is as if you were wearing a NOT certified jacket. In this regard, it is advisable to wear a shirt or t-shirt equally certified under the jacket or vest. Cleaning is also important. When a garment is dirty, it loses its high visibility characteristics and must therefore be washed. For this reason, the washing cycles to which the garment resists without losing its characteristics must be indicated in the marking.
The standard for each item of clothing consists of two numbers:
The first indicates the overall safety class of the product. It is determined by the fluorescent area of the fabric and the area of reflections. The products are classified 1-3 where 3 is the best class (highest safety). Even if the product itself does not belong to class 3, the latter can be attributed to the clothing as a whole by combining it with another product.
The second number indicates the ability of the reflection to reflect light.
There are two classes: 1 and 2, with 2 representing the highest class.
GARMENT MAINTENANCE
High visibility garments can be subjected to up to 50 industrial washing cycles at 60 ° while maintaining the characteristics of the fabric (luminescence, dimensional stability).
Protective clothing for users of portable chainsaws
The legislation regulates the protective garments for operators with chain saws and differentiates according to the garment between:
• EN 381-5 Specifications for leg protection
• EN 381-7 Specifications for protective gloves
• EN 381-9 Specifications for protective gaiters
• EN 381-11 Specifications for protective jackets based on the speed of the chainsaw chain the product falls into one of the 4 classes
• Class 0 16 meters per second
• Class 1 20 meters per second
• Class 2 24 meters per second
• Class 3 28 meters per second
MULTIPRO
The garments of the MULTIPRO line guarantee triple protection to the wearer: protection from the risks associated with welding works and related processes, from exposure to heat, from splashes of chemical liquids and from risks deriving from electrostatic charges. These are second category PPE, certified according to the following standards:
UNI EN 340:2004 - Protective clothing. General requirements
Protective clothing for industrial workers exposed to heat (excluding clothing for firefighters and welders).
Protective clothing for welding and related processes. General requirements.
Protective clothing. Electrostatic properties.
Personal protective clothing against splashes of chemical liquids.
Protective clothing against the thermal effect of the electric arc.
In addition to triple protection, Multipro is a product that ensures dimensional stability, comfort guaranteed by a fabric composed of a high percentage of cotton, suitability for industrial washing, "flame retardant" and permanent antistatic properties, as they are intrinsic to the fabric. Multipro is a product suitable for operators in the petrochemical sector, gas maintenance companies, municipal companies, chemical companies and civil protection companies.
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
The materials used ensure protection against heat sources together with particular precautions in the production of the garment, such as the covering of buttons and all metal parts, the absence of flammable labels sewn on the outside and the measured length of the trousers in so that they cover the shoe without creating cuffs. The shape of the clothing is designed to ensure that there are no parts where liquid chemicals can come into contact with the body or where they can stagnate. It also ensures the dissipation of electrostatic charges through the garment and direct contact with the skin of the conductive component of the fabric, for example at the neck and wrists.
Protection against welding and related processes
The standard describes the minimum requirements for protective clothing used during welding and processes associated with similar risks. The division is in two classes, 1 and 2. Class 2 is the highest (= the one offering the greatest protection.
Protection against heat and fire
Clothing for protection against heat and fire (except clothing for firefighters and welders). This standard describes outer clothing in flexible fabric, designed to protect the user's body, with the exception of the hands, against heat and / or fire. With the exception of hoods and gaiters, garments for the protection of the head, hands and feet are not included.
The PROBAN it is a finishing process that makes the fabrics fireproof. The effectiveness of this treatment is achieved through several steps in the industrial finishing plant. The process begins with the impregnation of PROBAN molecules, sufficiently small and linear, which are made to penetrate inside the cotton fiber. The excess moisture in the fibers is removed in the dryer to prepare the fabric for treatment with gaseous ammonia. In this phase the polymerization process of PROBAN starts, which uses ammonia to increase the branching until it is physically trapped and then fixed in the cotton fiber. The oxidation and final neutralization stabilize and remove any impurities from the treated fabric. The polymer formation process is irreversible. Cured PROBAN is inert and cannot be washed off the fabric. It is trapped inside the cotton fiber so it can only be removed, together with the fibers of the fabric, by mechanical abrasion. The production garments in PROBAN are currently compliant with the UNI EN 11611: 2008 Class 1 A1 "Protective clothing for welding and related processes" and UNI EN ISO 11612: 2009 A1-B1-C1-E1-F1 "Clothing for protection against heat and flame "with the following performance levels:
A1 Propagation of the flame;
B1 Test convective heat from 4 to <10 seconds;
C1 Test radiant heat from 7 to <20 seconds;
E1 Molten iron splash protection test from 60 to <120 gr.
F1 Test heat contact from 5 to <10 seconds.
Work under tension
Protective clothing against the thermal hazard of an electric arc welding. Determination of the protection class for arc welding of the material and clothing during the use of induced or controlled arc welding (box test). The division is in two classes, 1 and 2. Class 2 is the highest (= the one offering the most protection).
Protective clothing with electrostatic characteristics
EN 1149-3:2004 – charge attenuation.
This standard describes the attenuation of the electrostatic charge from the surface of the garment material.
EN 1149-5:2008 – performance and material design
This standard describes the requirements for the materials and construction of electrostatic conducting protective clothing, to be used as part of a grounding system to avoid a flammable discharge.
General requirements:
PPE recommended for use in ATEX environments as it does not create the risk of ignition by electrostatic charges. The level of this risk must be identified by the bodies appointed by the company itself. Reference standard of our PPE = UNI EN 1149-5: 2008, protective clothing - electrostatic properties - performance requirements. NB: When wearing a set of garments with different levels of protection, the garment with the lowest level of protection determines the overall level of protection. The PPE must fully dress the operator. The use of these products is particularly felt in companies producing microchips, electronic components, in painting areas etc. Electrostatic dissipating protective clothing consisting of a one- or two-piece suit must always be able to cover the body, arms and legs. They are designed to allow charges to dissipate through the garment and to allow direct contact with the skin of the conductive component of the garment material (e.g. at the neck and wrists). The antistatic fabric produced with Dupont's NEGA-STAT fiber works on the principle of induction loading.
• Each fiber consists of an electrically conductive core entirely involved in a Dracon sheath.
• Electric charges are induced and neutralized in the core.
• The Dracon sheath protects the core from fragmentation, sparks and degradation of all kinds.
• The possibility of particular interference and the loss of antistatic properties is excluded.
• High resistance of fabrics subjected to numerous washes at the following temperatures: 60 ° for domestic washing, 85 ° for industrial washing.
Protective clothing against liquid chemicals
EN 13034 / EN 13034 + A1. The standard describes the performance requirements of chemical protective clothing offering limited protection against liquid chemicals (type 6 and type PB [6] accessories). Protective clothing with limited performance for use in the event of potential exposure to small sprays, liquid sprays, or low pressure or mild sprays.
Personal protective clothing against splashes of chemical liquids. Type 6 chemical risk.
The garments are designed for use in environments and situations where the operator is exposed to chemical risks deriving from small splashes of liquids, sprays, aerosols, etc. Protective clothing must be packaged in such a way as to allow the user maximum freedom of movement and comfort (EN 340: 04). The design of the garment must ensure that there are no parts where the liquid can come into contact with the body, much less there are parts where any substance can stagnate for an indefinite time. The body must necessarily be completely covered: for this reason the protective garment must be whole (overalls) or composed of a complete (jacket combined with trousers and dungarees). The certified fabric for this type of use is MERAKLON (100% polypropylene fiber) weighing approx. 200gr / m2 and proposed in navy blue color. Some perform the requirements described above and also maintain good characteristics of resistance to wear and hygienic treatments, it is non-shrink and does not lose its color, it is easy to maintain and does not give rise to any allergy.
ANTI-ENTRY
Specifications for protective clothing to be used where there is a risk of entanglement with moving parts. The anti-entanglement line indicates garments that comply with the requirements of the UNI EN 510 standard. According to this regulation, the garments must be packaged in such a way as to minimize the risk of entanglement or dragging when the worker works on machines or near moving equipment . The ends of the sleeves and trousers adhere perfectly to the body thanks to the elastic closure prepared to avoid any entanglement. In addition, all seams are taped on the outside, while the pockets have no openings on the outside, but are only accessible from the inside. The anti-entanglement garments comply with the UNI ENI 510 "Specifications for protective clothing to be used in the presence of entanglement risk with moving parts" and UNI EN 340: 04 whose compliance guarantees maximum comfort compatible with adequate protection.
ANTI-NOISE STANDARDS
The damage caused by noise continues to represent a huge cost for companies. Statistical data confirm that an exposure equivalent to 85 DBA for 35 working years causes a 15% chance that the worker will fall ill with hearing loss. A EUROSTAT survey (2004) found that hearing loss is even the fourth occupational disease in terms of recognition.
The main rules for hearing protection PPE are as follows:
• EN 352/1 headphones
• EN 352/2 ear plugs
• EN 352/3 ear muffs for helmet
• EN 352/4 electronic headphones
In the indication of the average attenuation of a PPE, the values expressed in H, M, L decibels appear, which represent the average attenuation of the device at HIGH, MEDIUM and LOW frequencies. The SNR, on the other hand, indicates the average attenuation of the protector over the entire frequency spectrum. In implementation of Directive 2003/10 / EC relating to the exposure of workers to risks deriving from physical agents (noise), Legislative Decree 195/06 has come into force, which repeals Legislative Decree 277/91 and art. . 24 of Presidential Decree 303/56 (for hearing damage).
This is the summary of the most significant changes: Lowering of the limit value (3dBA).
• Lower value: 80 dBA; the employer makes the PPE available
• Upper value: 85 dB (A); the use of PPE is mandatory. The employer and the RSPP, after consultation with the RLS, choose the appropriate PPE and verify their use.
• Limit value: 87 dB (A); a value that cannot be exceeded in the work environment, taking into account the reduction given by any technical solutions on the source of the noise plus that of the PPE. Greater attention to the impulsive aspects of noise
Implementation of some obligations at lower threshold values (delimitation-reporting of risk areas, supply of PPE, etc.). Obligation to draft and implement a remediation program (at the higher share value).
FOOTWEAR STANDARDS
The footwear within each safety class have common characteristics. The security classes are listed with the most feature-rich classes at the beginning.
Safety class S3
Total safety: Water repellent / waterproof shoes and boots with puncture protection and toe reinforcement
Options: Different closure systems, shoes and ankle boots, with and without lining, waterproof and water repellent, in different materials. Some with Vibram® soles and resistant to temperatures up to 300 ° C. Walking comfort is always perfect.
Used in particular by: People who carry out outdoor activities and who need particularly sturdy footwear able to withstand the rain.
Safety class S1P
Total safety: Shoes and boots with anti-puncture protection and toe reinforcement. Not water repellent. Used in particular by: People who need particularly sturdy footwear for domestic use, in the summer or occasionally during the year.
Safety class S2
Water repellent shoes and boots with toe reinforcement, WITHOUT anti-puncture protection. Used in particular by: People who need to protect themselves from falling objects and who pass on fixed and flat supports without having to run the risk of stepping on dangerous objects. The shoe is suitable for both outdoors and indoors thanks to the water-repellent and breathable lining material.
Safety class S1
Footwear with toe reinforcement, WITHOUT anti-puncture protection Used in particular by: People who need to protect themselves against falling objects and who pass on fixed and flat supports and who are not in danger of stepping on sharp objects. For indoor and outdoor use in the summer.
Safety class O1
Work shoes WITHOUT anti-puncture protection and toe reinforcement.
Especially used by: People who only need antistatic protection.
Safety footwear is divided into classes according to the protection provided, for example S1P and S3. Here you will find an overview of the various requirements of the security classes.
Click on the individual definitions for an explanation of the content.
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Safety Class
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Toe reinforcement |
•
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•
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•
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•
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Water repellent or waterproof |
•
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•
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Anti-puncture protection |
•
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•
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Protectivica |
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European standards for safety footwear for professional use CE EN ISO 20345
· SB: BASIC MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS • steel toe cap with energy absorption of 200J and against crushing of 15 KN, sole in any type of material, even smooth
· CLASS I: all materials in leather or similar, except natural or synthetic polymers
· CLASS II: all materials in natural and synthetic polymers
· S1: BASIC REQUIREMENTS INTEGRATED BY: anti-static, energy absorbing capacity of the heel, closed heel area
· S2: BASIC REQUIREMENTS + S1 INTEGRATED BY: impermeability to water
· S3: BASIC REQUIREMENTS + S2 INTEGRATED BY: anti-perforation sole, treaded sole
· S4: CLASS II: antistatic, energy absorption capacity of the heel
· S5: Like S4 + anti-puncture sole, treaded sole
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SB |
S1 |
S2 |
S3 |
S4 |
S5 |
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A |
ANTISTATIC FOOTWEAR |
- |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
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E |
HEEL ENERGY ABSORPTION |
- |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
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WRU |
DYNAMIC WATERPROOFING OF THE UPPER |
- |
- |
X |
X |
- |
- |
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P |
ANTI-HOLE FOIL |
- |
- |
- |
X |
- |
X |
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CI |
COLD INSULATION |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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HI |
HEAT INSULATION |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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C |
CONDUCTIVE FOOTWEAR |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
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HRO |
RESISTANCE TO HEAT BY CONTACT |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
X : It means the specification is present
SLIP RESISTANCE
· SRA: test on ceramic / cleaning solution
· SRB: test on steel / glycerin
· SRC: SRA + SRB (N.B. maximum slip resistance)
The "CE" mark alone is not sufficient to establish the quality of the shoe, the abbreviations must also be analyzed. The standard, however, does not specify the type of upper, which can be leather or synthetic.
· EN ISO 20346 (protective footwear for professional use):
differs from EN ISO 20345 for energy absorption steel tip of 100J and against crushing of 10 KN.
· EN ISO 20347 (work footwear for professional use): it does not include a steel tip.
· EN345 - EN346 - EN347:
regulations still valid for models certified prior to the introduction of the regulations EN ISO 20345 / EN ISO 20346 / EN ISO 20347
GLOVES REGULATIONS
General requirements and test methods
The standard defines the general requirements and the corresponding test procedures for the design and manufacture of gloves, the resistance of the glove materials to water penetration, the harmlessness (pH value within the range 3.5 - 9.5, content of Chromium VI <3 ppm, extractable protein content), comfort and efficiency (sizes, dexterity, permeability and absorption of water vapor), the marking and information provided by the manufacturer applicable to all protective gloves. The glove is an individual safety product that protects the hand and the various parts of the hand. The glove could also cover part of the forearm and upper arm. The performance index, normally indicated by a number between 0 and 4 (5 in the case of the cut), reflects the behavior of the glove in a given test. This ranking therefore allows the results of the test to be classified. Level 0 indicates that the glove has not been tested or has not met the minimum requirements. A performance level X indicates that the test method is not suitable for the glove sample tested. A high number usually corresponds to a high level of performance.
Protective gloves against chemicals and microrganisms
§ * EN 374 -1. The standard specifies the requirements of gloves intended to protect the user against chemicals and / or microorganisms and defines the terms to be used. It must be used in conjunction with UNI EN 420. The standard does not specify the requirements for protection against mechanical hazards.
§ * EN 374 -2. The standard specifies a test method for the resistance to penetration of protective gloves against chemicals and / or microorganisms. Definition: penetration means the passage of a chemical substance or micro-organism through the porosity of the materials, the seams, any micro-perforations or other imperfections of the protective glove at a non-molecular level; Requirements: a glove must not show leaks when subjected to air and water tightness tests and must be tested and checked in accordance with the acceptable quality level (AQL).
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Performance index |
Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) |
Inspection level |
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Livel 3 |
< 0,65 |
G1 |
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Livel 2 |
< 1,5 |
G4 |
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Livel 1 |
< 4,0 |
S4 |
Pictogram:
is affixed if the glove complies with at least performance levels 2 of the penetration test.
§ * EN 374-3. The standard specifies the determination of the resistance of protective glove materials to the permeation of potentially dangerous non-gaseous chemicals in conditions of continuous contact.
§ Definition: by permeation we mean the passage of a chemical substance through the material of the protective glove at the molecular level; it is therefore necessary to measure the permeation time or the time taken by the liquid to come into contact with the skin.
§ Requirements: The glove's impermeability must be ensured at least for the minimum length of the glove required by EN 420. A chemical resistant glove is considered if a Class 2 protection index is obtained for at least three selected test chemicals from the following list of 12 predefined chemicals:
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CODE LETTER |
CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE |
CASE NUMBER |
CLASS |
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A |
Methanol |
67-56-1 |
Primary alcohol |
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B |
Acetone |
67-64-1 |
Ketone |
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C |
Acetonitrile |
75-05-8 |
Compound of nitrile |
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D |
Dichloromethane |
75-09-2 |
Chlorinated paraffin |
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E |
Carbon disulfide |
75-15-0 |
Sulfur containing organic compound |
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F |
Toluene |
108-88-3 |
Aromatic hydrocarbon |
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G |
Diethylamine |
109-89-7 |
Amine |
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H |
Tetrahydrofuran |
109-99-9 |
Composed of ether and heterocyclic |
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I |
Ethyl acetate |
141-78-6 |
Estere |
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J |
n-heptane |
142-85-5 |
Saturated hydrocarbon |
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K |
Sodium hydroxide 40% |
1310-73-2 |
Inorganic base |
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L |
Sulfuric acid 96% |
7664-93-9 |
Inorganic mineral acid |
Permeation: Each tested chemical is classified in terms of breakthrough time (performance index from 0 to 6).
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Breakthrough time measured |
Protection index |
Breakthrough time measured |
Protection index |
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> 10 MINUTES |
Class 1 |
> 120 MINUTES |
ClasS 4 |
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> 30 MINUTES |
Class 2 |
> 240 MINUTES |
Class 5 |
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> 60 MINUTES |
Class 3 |
> 480 MINUTES |
Class 6 |
Pictogram:
it is affixed, followed by a code of at least three characters, if the glove achieves a permeation time of at least 30 min for at least three test chemicals.
is affixed if the glove does NOT obtain a breakthrough time of at least 30 min to at least three test chemicals, but complies with the penetration test.
Protective gloves against mechanical risks
The standard specifies the requirements, test methods, marking and information provided by the manufacturer for protective gloves against mechanical risks from abrasion, blade cutting, laceration and perforation. Definition: protection from mechanical hazards is represented by a pictogram followed by four numbers (performance indices), each of which indicates the performance level of the glove detected by the test for a given risk.
Requirements:
§ a Abrasion resistance: indicated by the number of cycles required to completely abrade the test glove
§ b Cut resistance (from blade): indicated by a factor calculated on the number of passes required to cut the test glove at a constant speed
§ c Tear strength: indicates the force required to tear the specimen
§ d Puncture resistance: indicates the force required to pierce the specimen with a standard-sized tip ed in the four cases, zero indicates the lowest level of protection as shown in the following table
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PERFORMANCE INDICES |
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0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
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a Abrasion resistance (cycles) |
<100 |
100 |
500 |
2000 |
8000 |
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b Shear strength (factor) |
<1.2 |
1.2 |
2.5 |
5.0 |
10.0 |
20.0 |
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c Tear strength (newton) |
<10 |
10 |
25 |
50 |
75 |
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d Puncture resistance (newton) |
<20 |
20 |
60 |
100 |
150 |
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Pictogram:
a: abrasion resistance (0-4) - b: blade cut resistance (0-5) - c: tear resistance (0-4) - d: puncture resistance (0-4)
Protective gloves against thermal risks
The standard specifies requirements, test methods, information to be provided and marking of protective gloves against heat and / or fire
Definition and requirements: the nature and degree of protection are indicated by a pictogram followed by a series of six digits that specify the level of performance for the related risk conditions described in the following table:
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DESCRIPTION |
livel 1 |
livel 2 |
liveL 3 |
livel 4 |
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a. Behavior to fire |
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Flame persistence (seconds) |
≤20 |
≤20 |
≤3 |
≤2 |
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Incandescence (seconds) |
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≤120 |
≤25 |
≤5 |
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b. Contact heat |
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Contact temperature (° C) |
100 |
250 |
350 |
500 |
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Threshold id time (seconds) |
≤15 |
≤15 |
≤15 |
≤15 |
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c. Convective heat |
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(HTI index) |
<4 |
<7 |
<10 |
<18 |
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d. Radiant heat |
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Heat transfer f (seconds) |
≤5 |
≤30 |
≤90 |
≤150 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
e. Small splashes of molten metal |
|
|
|
|
|
(droplets) |
≤5 |
≤15 |
≤25 |
≤36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
f. Large projections of molten metal |
|
|
|
|
|
Molten iron (grams) |
30 |
60 |
120 |
200 |
Note: “O” = the glove has not passed the test / “X” = the glove has not been tested
Protective gloves for welding
The standard specifies requirements and test methods for protective gloves to be used in manual metal welding cutting and related processes.
There is a classification into two types:
§ Type B: when high dexterity is required (e.g. TIG welding operations)
§ Type A: for other welding processes
Protective gloves against the cold
The standard specifies requirements and test methods for gloves that protect against cold transmitted by convection or conduction down to -50 ° C
Definition and requirements: protection from the cold is represented by a pictogram followed by a series of 3 performance indices, relating to the specific protection properties.
|
PERFORMANCE INDICES |
|
|
|
|
|
a Itr in m2 C/w |
b |
c |
|
0 |
Itr <0,10 |
R<0,025 |
NULL |
|
1 |
0,10<Itr<0,15 |
0,025<R<0,050 |
promoted |
|
2 |
0,15<Itr<0,22 |
0,050<R<0,100 |
|
|
3 |
0,22<Itr<0,30 |
0,100<R<0,150 |
|
|
4 |
0,30<Itr |
0,150<R |
|
Note: “0” = the glove has not passed the test / “X” = the glove has not been tested
RESPIRATORY TRACT REGULATIONS
Respiratory protection is achieved by:
· A gas filter, when the risk is in the form of gas.
· An aerosol filter, when the risk occurs in the form of solid or liquid particles.
It is often recommended to combine the two types of filter, especially when in the presence of vapors, at room temperature, which can give rise to condensation.
The choice of filters:
Filters must be selected according to:
· toxic substances you want to protect yourself from
· of the work to be done
· the method of execution and duration of the intervention
· of the devices you have
CLASSES OF USE OF FILTERS:
|
Gas / vapor protection |
Protection against particles, dusts and aerosols |
|
CLASS 1 0.1% by volume 0.1% and 0.5% by volume
between 0.5% and 1% by volume (containers of large capacity worn on the belt) |
CLASS 1 coarse solids without specific toxicity (calcium carbonate) CLASS 2 and / or liquids indicated as dangerous or irritating (silica - sodium carbonate) and / or toxic liquids (beryllium - chromium, hardwood) |
|
Gas - Vapors: for each contaminant, the appropriate filter |
|
|
A |
Organic gases and vapors (solvents and hydrocarbons) with a boiling point above 65 ° |
|
AX |
Organic gases and vapors (solvents and hydrocarbons) with a boiling point below 65 ° |
|
B |
Inorganic gases and vapors (chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen cyanide) |
|
E |
Acid gases and vapors (sulfur dioxide) |
|
K |
Ammonia and organic amino derivatives |
|
P |
Particles, solid and liquid aerosols |
|
HgP3 |
Mercury vapors |
|
NOP3 |
Nitrogen monoxide |
|
CO |
Carbon monoxide |
|
I |
Iodine |
Respiratory protective filtering devices are to be considered: filtering facepieces for particles, filtering facepieces for gases and vapors, half-masks with filters, full-face masks with filters.
European reference standards:
DISPOSABLE FACIALS
· EN 149 dust filter facepieces
· EN 405 anti-gas and vapor filtering facepieces
REUSABLE FACIALS
· EN 140 half masks
· EN 136 full masks
· EN 143 dust filters
· EN 148 thread for masks
· EN 14387 gas and combined filters
ASSISTED VENTILATION
· EN 12941 filtering devices with helmets or hoods against particles, gases and vapors
· EN 12942 filtering devices with complete masks, half masks or quarter masks against gas particles and vapors
All devices belong to the III risk category (risk of death or serious injury). These devices protect against dust (solid particles, mists, fumes), gases and vapors of substances with certain concentrations and toxicities.
EN 149:2001 + A1:2009 * In 2009, the revision of the European standard EN 149: 2001 + A1: 2009 came into force (which replaces the previous standard EN 149: 2001) where new minimum filtration requirements are established for the various levels of protection of the filtering facepieces. The new standard introduces the differentiation between disposable filtering facepiece and reusable filtering facepiece (for multiple work shifts).
To identify the classification on the product, the following markings are used:
· 1. “NR” for non-reusable facepieces
· 1a: climatic conditioning under altered conditions before the test;
· 1b: new efficiency test - a long-term extension of the previous penetration test;
· 1c: optional test relating to the clogging requirements with Dolomite dust (classification and marking of the product "D");
· • 2. “R” for facials that can be used for more than one shift
· 2a: climatic conditioning under altered conditions before the test;
· 2b: new product cleaning and sanitation tests before penetration tests;
· 2c: new efficiency test - a long-term extension of the previous penetration test;
· 2d: new 24-hour post-execution retention test;
· 2E: new penetration test to be repeated after storage;
· 2f: mandatory test relating to the clogging requirements with Dolomite dust (classification and marking of the product "D";
Filtering facepieces or filter respirators are not to be used in the following cases:
· insufficient oxygen (concentration <17%)
· concentration of the contaminant in the air above the exposure limits allowed by filter respirators
· if the contaminants have an olfactory threshold higher than the TLV (not perceptible to smell).
To determine the choice of a filter you need to know the value of the TLV, the protection factor
Nominal of the protector, the required protection factor and the toxicity of the contaminant. TLV:
is the characteristic average concentration of each individual substance, weighted over the time of a working week (40 hours) to which a worker can be exposed without negative effects on his health. NOMINAL PROTECTION FACTOR:
relationship between the concentration of the contaminant in the environment and its possible concentration within the facepiece
Nominal protection factors of the most common protective devices:
|
|
Facial EN 149 |
Facial EN 405 |
Semimask |
Whole masks |
|
Prot. Powder P1 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
|
Prot. Powder P2 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
16 |
|
Prot. Powder P3 |
50 |
50 |
50 |
1000 |
|
Gases and vapors |
- |
20 |
20 |
2000 |
REQUIRED PROTECTION FACTOR:
ratio between the mean concentration in the workplace of the contaminant and the TLV.
TOXICITY OF THE CONTAMINANT:
the more toxic the contaminant, the greater the filtering efficiency must be even at a low concentration of the contaminant.
CHOICE OF THE MOST SUITABLE RESPIRATOR AND FILTER
The choice must always start from the correct risk assessment: evaluate the nature of the contaminant to choose the type of filter to use; evaluate the concentration of the contaminant to determine the type of respirator and the class of filter to be used. By dividing the mean workplace concentration by the TLV of the contaminant, the required protection factor is obtained. The appropriate device must provide a nominal protection factor higher than the required protection factor. Tables are available that indicate the most suitable type of filter for the most common contaminants. Any type of filter must be replaced when the user notices the smell or taste of the contaminant.
VIEW REGULATIONS
European standards for view protection
Main standards
EN 166: basic requirements
EN 167: optical test methods
EN 168: non-optical test methods
Standards for types of filters (lenses)
EN 169: welding filters
EN 170: UV filters
EN 171: IR (infrared) filters
EN 172: solar filters for industrial use
Welding
EN 175: eye and face protection devices during welding and related techniques
EN 1731: Mixed visor specifications (network)
Meaning of the marking on the frame
XXX manufacturer identification
166 number of the standard
xxx fields of use
3 = liquids (droplets or splashes)
4 = coarse particles (powders with particle size> 5 microns)
5 = gases and fine dust particles (gases, vapors, sprays, fumes and dust with particle size <5 microns)
8 = short-circuit electric arc
9 = molten metals and hot solids
S increased strength resistance (12 m / s)
F impact resistance at low energy (45 m / s)
B medium energy impact resistance (120 m / s)
High energy impact resistance (190 m / s)
T resistance to high velocity particles at extreme temperatures
H eye protector intended for a small head
Meaning of the lens marking
3 code no .: indicates the type of filter (2 and 3 = UV; 4 = IR; 5 and 6 = solar filters)
1.2 protection level: indicates the graduation of the lens
xxx identification of the manufacturer
1 optical class (1 = continuous use; 3 = occasional use)
S / F / B / A mechanical strength
8 resistance to short-circuit electric arc
9 non-adherence of molten metal and resistance to penetration of hot solids
K resistance to abrasion from fine particles
N resistance to fogging
Or original lenses
V spare lenses
LENS SELECTIONS AND APPLICATIONS
|
Lens |
Codice tipo di filtro |
Numero graduazione* |
Norma Europea |
Campi di impiego |
|
Colorless |
Ultraviolet (UV) · da 2 a 33 for product · EN 170:1992, · eplaced by 2C · for EN 170:2002 |
da 1.2 a 5 |
EN 170 |
Short circuit electric arc. High-pressure mercury vapor lamps, low light (yellow) |
|
Green IR in the graduations |
Infrared 4 |
da 1.7 a 7 |
EN 171 |
Glass processing industry - Foundry |
|
Silver I / O TSR gray Mirrored blue Mirror orange Mirror silver |
Solar filter from 5 a 6 |
da 1.7 a 4 |
EN 172 |
High intensity sunlight - Work outside |
|
Green in the graduations from 1.7 a 6 |
Welding filter from 1.7 a 7 |
da 1.7 a 7 |
EN 169 |
Welder assistant (1.7 grade) Brazing (gradation from 3 to 5) Oxycut (gradation da 5 a 7) Arc welding (gradation> 7 requires the use of screens) |
* the higher the number, the darker the lens tone
OTHER SPECIFIC USES
|
Risks |
Lens marking |
Type of protector |
|
Drops and splashes |
3 |
Visors (splashes) Goggles (drops) |
|
Coarse powders |
4 |
Mask glasses |
|
Fine gas and dust |
5 |
Goggles (without ventilation) |
|
Short circuit electric arc |
8 |
Minimum screen thickness 1.2 mm (EN166: 1995) 99.9% UV filtration |
|
Molten metals and incandescent solids |
9 |
Goggles - visors |